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文章介绍了无线网络基础知识集中的内容,包括DHCP、Dnsmasq、配置AC、HOSTAPD配置文件、Basic Service Set (BSS) Coloring、WPA、Country_code等方面的知识点。文章详细介绍了这些术语的含义和配置步骤。同时还提供了配置树莓派的具体步骤和IT用语辞典。文章内容涵盖了无线网络领域的基础知识,有助于读者了解和学习相关概念。
# 无线组实验名词概念大全
# DHCP
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6. The terms DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 are used only in contexts where it is necessary to avoid ambiguity.
DHCPcd - Arch Linux 中文维基 (archlinuxcn.org)
# Dnsmasq
Dnsmasq 提供 DNS 缓存和 DHCP 服务功能。作为域名解析服务器(DNS),Dnsmasq 可以通过缓存 DNS 请求来提高对访问过的网址的连接速度。作为 DHCP 服务器,Dnsmasq 可以用于为局域网电脑分配内网 ip 地址和提供路由。
# 配置 AC
How to use your Raspberry Pi as a wireless access point - The Pi
# HOSTAPD 配置文件
https://w1.fi/cgit/hostap/plain/hostapd/hostapd.conf
与 802.11ax 相关的配置:
##### IEEE 802.11ax related configuration ##################################### | |
#ieee80211ax: Whether IEEE 802.11ax (HE) is enabled | |
# 0 = disabled (default) | |
# 1 = enabled | |
#ieee80211ax=1 | |
# Require stations to support HE PHY (reject association if they do not) | |
#require_he=1 | |
# disable_11ax: Boolean (0/1) to disable HE for a specific BSS | |
#disable_11ax=0 | |
#he_su_beamformer: HE single user beamformer support | |
# 0 = not supported (default) | |
# 1 = supported | |
#he_su_beamformer=1 | |
#he_su_beamformee: HE single user beamformee support | |
# 0 = not supported (default) | |
# 1 = supported | |
#he_su_beamformee=1 | |
#he_mu_beamformer: HE multiple user beamformer support | |
# 0 = not supported (default) | |
# 1 = supported | |
#he_mu_beamformer=1 | |
# he_bss_color: BSS color (1-63) | |
#he_bss_color=1 | |
# he_bss_color_partial: BSS color AID equation | |
#he_bss_color_partial=0 | |
#he_default_pe_duration: The duration of PE field in an HE PPDU in us | |
# Possible values are 0 us (default), 4 us, 8 us, 12 us, and 16 us | |
#he_default_pe_duration=0 | |
#he_twt_required: Whether TWT is required | |
# 0 = not required (default) | |
# 1 = required | |
#he_twt_required=0 | |
#he_twt_responder: Whether TWT (HE) responder is enabled | |
# 0 = disabled | |
# 1 = enabled if supported by the driver (default) | |
#he_twt_responder=1 | |
#he_rts_threshold: Duration of STA transmission | |
# 0 = not set (default) | |
# unsigned integer = duration in units of 16 us | |
#he_rts_threshold=0 | |
#he_er_su_disable: Disable 242-tone HE ER SU PPDU reception by the AP | |
# 0 = enable reception (default) | |
# 1 = disable reception | |
#he_er_su_disable=0 | |
# HE operating channel information; see matching vht_* parameters for details. | |
# he_oper_centr_freq_seg0_idx field is used to indicate center frequency of 80 | |
# and 160 MHz bandwidth operation. In 80+80 MHz operation, it is the center | |
# frequency of the lower frequency segment. he_oper_centr_freq_seg1_idx field | |
# is used only with 80+80 MHz bandwidth operation and it is used to transmit | |
# the center frequency of the second segment. | |
# On the 6 GHz band the center freq calculation starts from 5.950 GHz offset. | |
# For example idx=3 would result in 5965 MHz center frequency. In addition, | |
# he_oper_chwidth is ignored, and the channel width is derived from the | |
# configured operating class or center frequency indexes (see | |
# IEEE P802.11ax/D6.1 Annex E, Table E-4). | |
#he_oper_chwidth (see vht_oper_chwidth) | |
#he_oper_centr_freq_seg0_idx | |
#he_oper_centr_freq_seg1_idx | |
#he_basic_mcs_nss_set: Basic NSS/MCS set | |
# 16-bit combination of 2-bit values of Max HE-MCS For 1..8 SS; each 2-bit | |
# value having following meaning: | |
# 0 = HE-MCS 0-7, 1 = HE-MCS 0-9, 2 = HE-MCS 0-11, 3 = not supported | |
#he_basic_mcs_nss_set | |
#he_mu_edca_qos_info_param_count | |
#he_mu_edca_qos_info_q_ack | |
#he_mu_edca_qos_info_queue_request=1 | |
#he_mu_edca_qos_info_txop_request | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_be_aifsn=0 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_be_ecwmin=15 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_be_ecwmax=15 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_be_timer=255 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_bk_aifsn=0 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_bk_aci=1 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_bk_ecwmin=15 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_bk_ecwmax=15 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_bk_timer=255 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vi_ecwmin=15 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vi_ecwmax=15 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vi_aifsn=0 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vi_aci=2 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vi_timer=255 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vo_aifsn=0 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vo_aci=3 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vo_ecwmin=15 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vo_ecwmax=15 | |
#he_mu_edca_ac_vo_timer=255 | |
# Spatial Reuse Parameter Set | |
# | |
# SR Control field value | |
# B0 = PSR Disallowed | |
# B1 = Non-SRG OBSS PD SR Disallowed | |
# B2 = Non-SRG Offset Present | |
# B3 = SRG Information Present | |
# B4 = HESIGA_Spatial_reuse_value15_allowed | |
#he_spr_sr_control | |
# | |
# Non-SRG OBSS PD Max Offset (included if he_spr_sr_control B2=1) | |
#he_spr_non_srg_obss_pd_max_offset | |
# SRG OBSS PD Min Offset (included if he_spr_sr_control B3=1) | |
#he_spr_srg_obss_pd_min_offset | |
# | |
# SRG OBSS PD Max Offset (included if he_spr_sr_control B3=1) | |
#he_spr_srg_obss_pd_max_offset | |
# | |
# SPR SRG BSS Color (included if he_spr_sr_control B3=1) | |
# This config represents SRG BSS Color Bitmap field of Spatial Reuse Parameter | |
# Set element that indicates the BSS color values used by members of the | |
# SRG of which the transmitting STA is a member. The value is in range of 0-63. | |
#he_spr_srg_bss_colors=1 2 10 63 | |
# | |
# SPR SRG Partial BSSID (included if he_spr_sr_control B3=1) | |
# This config represents SRG Partial BSSID Bitmap field of Spatial Reuse | |
# Parameter Set element that indicates the Partial BSSID values used by members | |
# of the SRG of which the transmitting STA is a member. The value range | |
# corresponds to one of the 64 possible values of BSSID[39:44], where the lowest | |
# numbered bit corresponds to Partial BSSID value 0 and the highest numbered bit | |
# corresponds to Partial BSSID value 63. | |
#he_spr_srg_partial_bssid=0 1 3 63 | |
# | |
#he_6ghz_max_mpdu: Maximum MPDU Length of HE 6 GHz band capabilities. | |
# Indicates maximum MPDU length | |
# 0 = 3895 octets | |
# 1 = 7991 octets | |
# 2 = 11454 octets (default) | |
#he_6ghz_max_mpdu=2 | |
# | |
#he_6ghz_max_ampdu_len_exp: Maximum A-MPDU Length Exponent of HE 6 GHz band | |
# capabilities. Indicates the maximum length of A-MPDU pre-EOF padding that | |
# the STA can receive. This field is an integer in the range of 0 to 7. | |
# The length defined by this field is equal to | |
# 2 pow(13 + Maximum A-MPDU Length Exponent) -1 octets | |
# 0 = AMPDU length of 8k | |
# 1 = AMPDU length of 16k | |
# 2 = AMPDU length of 32k | |
# 3 = AMPDU length of 65k | |
# 4 = AMPDU length of 131k | |
# 5 = AMPDU length of 262k | |
# 6 = AMPDU length of 524k | |
# 7 = AMPDU length of 1048k (default) | |
#he_6ghz_max_ampdu_len_exp=7 | |
# | |
#he_6ghz_rx_ant_pat: Rx Antenna Pattern Consistency of HE 6 GHz capability. | |
# Indicates the possibility of Rx antenna pattern change | |
# 0 = Rx antenna pattern might change during the lifetime of an association | |
# 1 = Rx antenna pattern does not change during the lifetime of an association | |
# (default) | |
#he_6ghz_rx_ant_pat=1 | |
# | |
#he_6ghz_tx_ant_pat: Tx Antenna Pattern Consistency of HE 6 GHz capability. | |
# Indicates the possibility of Tx antenna pattern change | |
# 0 = Tx antenna pattern might change during the lifetime of an association | |
# 1 = Tx antenna pattern does not change during the lifetime of an association | |
# (default) | |
#he_6ghz_tx_ant_pat=1 | |
# 6 GHz Access Point type | |
# This config is to set the 6 GHz Access Point type. Possible options are: | |
# 0 = Indoor AP (default) | |
# 1 = Standard Power AP | |
# This has no impact for operation on other bands. | |
#he_6ghz_reg_pwr_type=0 | |
# Unsolicited broadcast Probe Response transmission settings | |
# This is for the 6 GHz band only. If the interval is set to a non-zero value, | |
# the AP schedules unsolicited broadcast Probe Response frames to be | |
# transmitted for in-band discovery. Refer to | |
# IEEE P802.11ax/D8.0 26.17.2.3.2, AP behavior for fast passive scanning. | |
# Valid range: 0..20 TUs; default is 0 (disabled) | |
#unsol_bcast_probe_resp_interval=0 |
# Basic Service Set (BSS) Coloring
BSS marks shared frequencies to allow 802.11ax access points to determine whether simultaneous use of spectrum is permissible. This technology reduces interference due to congestion(堵塞) and ensures consistent service to multiple connected devices in high-density environments.
# WPA(Wi-Fi Protected Access)
意即 “Wi-Fi 访问保护”,是一种由 Wi-Fi 联盟制订与发布,用来保护无线网络(Wi-Fi)访问安全的技术标准。前一代有线等效加密(Wired Equivalent Privacy, WEP)系统中,被发现若干严重的弱点,因此 Wi-Fi 联盟推出 WPA、WPA2 与 WPA3 系列来加强无线网络安全。
目前广泛实现的有 WPA、WPA2 两个标准。第一代 WPA (以 TKIP 为基础) 由 2003 年开始激活,WPA 实现了 IEEE 802.11i 标准的大部分,是在 802.11i 完备之前替代 WEP 的过渡方案。WPA 的设计可以用在所有的无线网卡上,但未必能用在第一代的无线接入点上。
- 可靠的密码保护
WPA3-Enterprise 将加密扩展到 192 位(WPA3-Personal 下为 128 位加密),以增强密码强度。它可以防止弱密码通过猜测易被破解。
- 保护您的网络设备
WPA3 将 WPA2 预共享密钥(PSK)替换为 Equals(SAE)的同时身份验证,以避免像 KRACK 那样的密钥重新安装攻击。它将保护您的网络设备在连接到无线接入点时安全。SAE 也是抵御离线字典攻击的有效防御手段。
- 公共区域的安全连接
尽管攻击者获得了流量加密密钥,但使用 WPA3-Personal 很难计算流量使用和传输的数据。在开放网络上,SAE 提供了前向保密性和更多数据安全性的好处。WPA3 还提供受保护的管理框架(PMF),以避免从公共区域偷听和伪造。
# Country_code
# Japan
Country Code: JP3
Valid Channels: 36(idx 38), 40(idx 38), 44(idx 46)
country JP: DFS-JP
- (2402 - 2482 @ 40), (N/A, 20), (N/A)
- (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (N/A, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM
- (4910 - 4990 @ 40), (N/A, 23), (N/A)
- (5030 - 5090 @ 40), (N/A, 23), (N/A)
- (5170 - 5250 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW
- (5250 - 5330 @ 80), (N/A, 20), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW
- (5490 - 5710 @ 160), (N/A, 23), (0 ms), DFS
- (59000 - 66000 @ 2160), (N/A, 10), (N/A)
# 煞笔集锦
# 2023 年 10 月 9 日:
配置 dth0 静态 ip 的时候,写成 static_ip_address
interface eth0 | |
static ip_address=192.168.0.10/24 |
# 2023 年 10 月 17 日:
重启 hostapd 的时候,相信 CHATGPT,导致配置文件被删除
-
Unmask the
hostapd
service using the following command:bashCopy code
sudo systemctl unmask hostapd
-
After unmasking the service, try restarting it again:
bashCopy code
sudo systemctl restart hostapd
This should allow the hostapd
service to restart without the "masked" error. If you continue to face issues, make sure that your hostapd
configuration is correct and that your system's configuration for hostapd
is in order.
# 2024 年的某一天:
- 不要双击打开文件编译
- 没有格式化 sd 卡就直接拷贝系统,导致树莓派无法正确读取系统。
# IT 用语辞典:
バンド幅 Channl width
MHZ メガヘルツ
GHz ギガヘルツ
802.11ax アイトリプルイー はちまるに ドット イレブン エーエックス
thoughput スループット
RSS 信号强度
IEEE 802.11ax(Wi-Fi 6 / 11ax)とは - 意味をわかりやすく - IT 用語辞典 e-Words